Introduction: According to the characteristics of power optical fiber communication system used GYFTZY non metallic flame retardant cable, ADSS ADSS cable, OPGW fiber composite wire, OPPC optical simple introduction of MASS, metal self-supporting cable, OPAC type of additional optical cable and optical fiber composite cable is also carried on the simple elaboration, let everyone know some special electric power communication system cable.
1, overview
What is 1.1 Optical fiber signal communication
Optical fiber communication is to light as the carrier, using optical fiber as the transmission medium, the signal transmitted from one point to another as a means of communication.
One point two optical cable The advantages of communication
Optical fiber communication compared with electrical communication in the past, the main difference is that it has many advantages: broad bandwidth, large communication capacity, low transmission loss; long distance relay; line diameter, light weight, raw materials for quartz, metallic material saving, is conducive to the rational use of resources; insulation, anti electromagnetic interference performance is strong; strong corrosion resistance, strong anti radiation, flexible and no electric spark leak, small strong security, etc., can be used in special environment.
1.3 the application and development of optical fiber communication in electric power system
The electric power system communication network is the scale of China's private communication network in larger and better network. With the development of communicationnetwork To accelerate the trend of fiber process, China's electric power communication network in many areas has been basically completed from the main line to access network The process of transition to optical fiber. At present, optical fiber communication business bearing power system mainly in voice, data And broadband services, IP and other conventional telecommunication service; business electricity production professional protection and automatic safety device and the power market for broadband data etc.. Especially the protection and security automatic equipment, put forward higher requirements for the reliability and safety of cable. It can be said that the optical fiber communication has become an indispensable part of the production and life of power system safe and stable operation of power system and the.
Application of optical fiber communication in electric power communication is initially used the traditional telecommunications sector, underground pipeline, overhead laying method of common cable, electric power optical fiber communication system. With the progress of technology, to the last century seven's and eighty's, some of which is different from the traditional cable attached to the power line and hung on the power tower.photoelectricity The composite cable is developed, these cables are collectively referred to as the special optical fiber cable. The special one of the biggest differences between power system and other optical communication optical fiber communication system is communication cable. The possibility of a special optical fiber cable external damage is small, the reliability is high, although its cost is relatively high, but the construction cost is low. After years of development, the current electric power special cable manufacturing and engineering design have been mature, especially OPGW and ADSS technology in domestic electric power special optical fiber cable has begun large-scale applications, such as the Three Gorges Project in long distance OPGW trunk cable line etc.. Based on the special cable line resources of the power system, to avoid the frequency resources, routing coordination, electromagnetic compatibility and other aspects of external contradictions and disputes, has great initiative and flexibility.
The power system has strong power network, all over the city and the rural country, with the help of power line and tower construction of optical fiber communication network is feasible. And can provide broadband channels for the development of a new type of relay protection and power automation. At present, the city network and the transformation of power system has brought great opportunities for the development of power communication, many provincial and prefectural (city) and County Electric Power Bureau Power Bureau have the construction of fiber-optic lines, for the realization of Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) fully prepared.
2, commonly used in power cable
2.1 GYFTZY non metallic flame retardant cable
GYFTZY non metallic flameproof cable (general power cable layer stranded) are not strictly belong to special cable power cable for us. But our power cable line in substation, the substation has strong and demanding occasions, lightning protection and flame retardant type, so we need to adopt non metal materials, flame retardant cable is good, we are all in the substation will generally use GYFTZY non metal flame retardant optical cable. Some may say, I can see the ADSS ADSS, according to ADSS ADSS use condition is applicable to lightning area, strong area, but compared to GYFTZY non metallic flameproof cable common cable, the cost is higher, the price is not high.
We go through the letters GYFTZY understand the performance of the optical cable, GY communication outdoor optical cable; F nonmetal reinforcement; T for filling water resistance; Z flame retardant; Y polyethylene sheath. Through the above know its technical characteristics for flame retardant sheath, loose tube filling compound, critical protection of fiber, water resistance structure of the whole section, to ensure the water moisture resistance of cable good, high modulus Glass Fiber reinforced plastic rods (FRP) center to strengthen components for the whole cable medium (non-metallic) structure, light weight, easy installation, good anti electromagnetic ability, suitable for power system and lightning area. The cable in the station generally wear pipe laying. The minimum bending radius for 20 times of cable diameter; laying is completed when 10 times of cable outside.
2.2 ADSS ADSS cable
ADSS ADSS (AllDielectricSelf-SupportingOpticalFiberCable, referred to as ADSS cable), ADSS cable is widely used in 220kV, 110kV, 35kV transmission line voltage, line has been built for general road. The cable is that all dielectric self-supporting dielectric materials, refers to the cable reinforcing member can withstand the weight and external load. This name has pointed out the use of environment and key technology of this kind of cable: because it is self-supporting, so the mechanical strength of all dielectric materials is important; because the cable in high voltage environment, must be able to withstand the strong; because it is used in overhead power transmission tower, so there must be a matching Pendant of the cable fixed on the tower.
Due to ADSS optical cable With the high voltage power line are erected, and the surface in addition to the requirements and common cable as anti ultraviolet radiation, also can withstand high voltage and long term environmental test. The capacitive coupling between the cable and the high voltage line and the earth will have different potential in fiber surface. In the snow and frost and other weather conditions and dust under the action of potential difference caused by partial leakage current in the cable surface moisture contamination, thermal effect of the cable surface part of water is evaporated, dry in the moment, the leakage current interruption to produce arc and large accumulation of heat, heat will burn the surface of cable, forming a branch like the traces, which is called electric mark. After a considerable period of time the outer sheath aging damage, from the outside to the inside, the mechanical properties of aramid yarn aging decreased, eventually there will be cable fault. Mainly from two aspects to solve the problem. One is the use of special resistance sheath material to the extrusion of aramid yarn and the outer protective layer, which uses AT resistance sheath to reduce power electric mark corrosion on the fiber surface; in addition to the space potential distribution on the power tower to calculate and draw the field intensity distribution by professional software, according to this the scientific basis to determine the specific cable on the tower suspension points to avoid cable by stronger electric field. ADSS cable with different sheath in the power of different routes, the most common ADSS sheath two, PE sheath and AT sheath. PE jacket, PE sheathed ordinary, for 350KV and below power lines. AT jacket, anti tracking sheath, for 110KV and above power lines.
2.3 OPGW Optical fiber opgw
OPGW cable, OpticalFiberCompositeOverheadGroundWire (also called OPGW). The wire placed overhead high-voltage transmission lines in the optical fiber in the form of optical fiber communication network transmission line, this structure has double functions of wire and communication, it has two functions: one is as lightning protection of transmission lines, the transmission line anti lightning discharges provide shielding protection; two is to transmit information in the optical fiber by composite wire. OPGW is a complex of overhead ground wire and cable, but not the simple sum between them.
OPGW cable is mainly used in 500kV, 220kV, 110kV voltage lines, affected by power lines, safety and other factors, many applications in the new line. OPGW light for high pressure more than 110kV lines, large span (generally above 250m); easy maintenance, easy to solve the problem for the line crossing, its mechanical properties can meet the large crossing line OPGW; the outer layer is a metal armour, had no effect on the corrosion and degradation of high voltage; OPGW to power in the construction, the power loss is bigger, so in the new 110kV high voltage line should use OPGW; performance index of OPGW, the greater the short-circuit current, the more need to do a good conductor armour, the corresponding lower tensile strength and tensile strength in certain, in order to improve the short-circuit current capacity, only increase the metal sectional area, resulting in cable diameter and cable weight, so as to put forward the security problem of tower strength. Common structure of OPGW there are three major categories, namely, aluminum and aluminum frame type (stainless steel tube type).
2.4 OP PC optical phase conductor
OPPC OPPC (OpticalPhaseConductor) is a new type of electric power special optical cable, optical cable with optical fiber unit is in phase conductor, has double functions of phase and communication, design of OPPC cable for any new low-voltage transmission lines, mainly used in the following 110kV lines, especially the distribution line below 35kV is not set up, some wire, it is not possible to install OPGW. In all of the grid, only the phase is essential, in order to meet the requirements of power monitoring or optical fiber network, close to the OPPC and OPGW technology, in the traditional line structure in a suitable method of adding fiber unit becomes oppc.
2.5 MASS metal self-supporting optical cable
Self supporting cable metal MASS (MetalAerialSelfSupporting). From a structural point of view, MASS is consistent with the central tube single strand OPGW, such as no special requirements, usually metal wire galvanized steel wire, therefore has the advantages of simple structure, low price. MASS is between OPGW and ADSS products. MASS as a self-supporting cable application, mainly considering the strength and sag and guide to the safety / ground and space and adjacent. It doesn't have to be like OPGW to consider the short-circuit current and heat capacity, also do not need to consider like OPPC insulation, load flow and impedance, but do not need to consider the installation point like ADSS field, the outer metal wire only role is to contain and protect the fiber. The breaking force is similar, although the MASS is heavier than ADSS, but the outside diameter than the center tube ADSS about 1/4, about ADSS than stranded small 1/3. In the case of similar diameter, ADSS breaking force and allowable tension are much smaller than MASS.
2.6 additional OPAC type cable
No metal strap overhead cable AD-Lash (AllDielectricLashedCable) and non metal winding cable GWWOP (GroundWireWrappedOpticalFiberCable) is sometimes referred to as the type of additional cable cable, OPAC, is the construction of optical fiber communication in power line network An economical and efficient way.
They use automatic binding of the cable bundle and wrapped in wire or wire winding machine, the common advantage is: lightweight, low cost, quick installation. In the ground or 10kV/35kV line can be uninterrupted installation; a common drawback is: because of using organic synthesis material as the outer sheath, therefore it can not bear high temperature short circuit when the ground or on the line, there is the problem of aging outer sheath material, construction requires special machinery, in the construction operation and safety so many problems, but it is vulnerable to external damage, such as shooting birds, etc., therefore not in power system has been widely used. But in the world, this kind of technology has not been eliminated or give up, still in a range of applications.
2.7 optical fiber composite cable
Optical fiber composite cable is mainly similar to OPPC, the optical fiber unit and composite cable, cable has dual function to phase and communication. Optical fiber composite cable with optical fiber composite cable optical fiber composite low voltage cable, OPLC fiber composite medium voltage cable OPMC and now used in high voltage on the cable (such as 110kV, 220kV submarine submarine power cable power and land cables).
Optical fiber Low voltage cable composite OPLC (OpticalFiberCompositeLow-VoltageCable) is through the optical fiber unit in the power cable protection after, can be used for rated voltage 0.6/1kV and below power system, and solve the problem of optical fiber communication. OPLC's power FTTH(PowerandFibertothehome, referred to as P FTTH That is, with the passive) Optical network (PON) technology, realize the power transmission network, telecommunication network, television network and Internet etc. the concept of ;network integration" completely conforms to the present stage of our country telecom operators proposed;Triple play "The tide of construction, so we can construct Telecom public service platform by OPLC, and accelerate our country to save FTTH construction.
Optical fiber composite medium voltage cable OPMC is used in medium voltage intelligent composite cable with rated voltage of 6kV to 35kV power supply system. Optical fiber composite cable OPMC is a kind of optical fiber composite cable, comprising a cable core, a cable core belting layer and an outer sheath, the cable core with power transmission wire and water blocking filler, each power transmission lines by sequentially coated outside the conductor conductor shielding layer, an insulating layer, an insulating shielding layer, a metal shield layer, optical fiber communication unit is provided with a casing by the internal fiber in the cable core and sequentially coated nonmetallic reinforcing layer and loose tube outer sheath and a cable core, in between the wrapping layer and the outer sheath is provided with an inner sheath, steel tape armored layer.
The use of optical fiber composite cable is a kind of development trend, now the submarine cable is a basic optical fiber composite cable, optical fiber composite cable using land now is more and more high voltage cable. Figure 35kV cable section below.
Figure:
1 copper conductor resistance hose
The 2 conductor semi conductive shield
3.XLPE insulation
The 4 insulating semi conductive shield
5 semi conductive hose
6 sets of lead alloy
7 coating PE sheath
8.PP rope filling cable diameter
A cable package with 9
10.PP rope asphalt lining
11 wire armoured
12.PP asphalt coating bag rope
13.PP asphalt coating bag rope
